The global ecommerce industry is expected to grow 78% and become a $7 billion dollar industry by 2020.

With more on more businesses going online, the need for web development skills are booming. Many of these companies are turning to freelancers and agencies to help build and maintain their ecommerce sites. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, web developer job growth is expected to be 27% by 2024 – significantly faster than the average for all occupations.

Learning web development does not require a college degree. However, successful freelancing as a web developer requires tact and strategy. This article is for those people who need basic knowledge on creating web applications. It also provides a quick guide on freelancing.

The information contained here is broken down into the following categories for easy reading:

Why Become a Web Developer

Money is the key motivator for many who opt to learn programming and software development. The demand for web developers today far much exceeds the supply. Hence, companies are willing to pay more for these services. But there is more than money in the profession.

Other benefits include:

• Work freedom: Freelance developers enjoy the freedom of choosing the projects to work on as well as when and where to work.
• Professional flexibility: Web developers can transition seamlessly into mobile development as the demand for mobile applications rises.
• A supportive community: Web development has one of the largest online communities. They are invaluable sources of technical support.
• Exciting: Freelance developers enjoy more responsibility, interesting challenges and creative control of their projects, especially if they work for small companies.

What Web Developers Do

Web development involves building, expanding and customizing websites. Developers achieve this through web development tools such as programming languages and frameworks. The career path of a web developer can go in many different directions.

For the sake of this guide we will focus in on website developement. Web building is in three phases:

• User experience design: Developers research the needs of the user and develop the necessary content.
• User interface development: It is the use of different languages and frameworks to design the layout of the website, navigation tools, and appearance.
• Application development: It is a more technical function that involves front-end and back-end development or coding.

Now, let’s differentiate some of the terms mentioned above.

The Difference between Languages and Frameworks

A programming language is a collection of syntax and semantics that web designers use to communicate instructions to computers. There are several languages at the service of web developers including HTML5, JavaScript, CSS, C++, Ruby, Python and much more.

What about framework? A developer can choose to code from scratch in a given language or use a set of instructions which another programmer has already written. The pre-designed instructions or libraries are known as Frameworks. They simplify the process of application development. Popular frameworks are Ruby on Rails for Ruby and JavaScript’s Angular.js 2 and Vue.js

The Difference between Front-End Development and Back-End Development

Front-end development focuses on the user side of the application or website in this case. Front-end developers are responsible for the feel and look of the site. They analyze and debug the code as well as design it for improved user experience.

Backend development focuses on the unseen side comprising of the database, the server, and the application. Programmers write codes that pass information among these three components. In simple terms, back-end developers specialize on the functionality of the website.

One more thing to note:

Front-end and back-end scripting require different development tools. HTML, CSS, and JavaScript are front-end languages while PHP, Java, Python, and ASP.Net are back-end languages.

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Basic Web Page Development

The first step in web page development is choosing a language for source codes. Here are four most common languages for basic web page development. Anyone who wants to learn web development begins here.

HTML

Hypertext Markup Language, HTML, is the most basic client-side scripting language used in web development. Web designers use it mainly to structure and format the contents of the web page. It allows easy management of headings, titles, texts, and links on the page.

The latest version, HTML5 has become the backbone of nearly all the web pages on the internet. Its new features have simplified the web creation process an improved user experience. Almost all major browsers support HTML 5 documents.

CSS

Cascading Style Sheets and CSS is a complementary to HTML. Developers use it to define the format and look of multiple pages once and for all. It manages the colors, fonts, and layout of a site. Nearly all web pages use CSS.

CSS can be intimidating to beginners. But the mist quickly clears after a few lessons. Even more, a developer must not cram all the CSS syntax to be a master at it.

After understanding the basics, online tutorials, cheat sheets and CSS online community come in handy at enhancing one’s coding skills.

JavaScript

Anyone with a desire to be a web application developer must learn JavaScript. The front end scripting language brings to life web dynamic effects such as games, animation, apps, and interactivity. There are JavaScript applications which can run even without an internet connection.

PHP & SQL

PHP and SQL are general purpose backend languages. Almost 75% of all web servers use these two languages. WordPress websites, for example, are also written using PHP as a scripting language. PHP and SQL have a symbiotic relationship on server-side of web development just as HTML and CSS on the front-end.

Structured Query Language, is a must learn for all developer interest in server-side development. It is used to create a majority of databases including MySQL and PostgreSQL.

Resources on Basic Web Development Information

• HTML CHEAT SHEET
• HTML developer guide: HTML5
• The Current State of HTML5 Forms
• Learn JavaScript Essentials
• Comprehensive CSS Cheat Sheet + PDF
• PHP Manual
• Beginners PHP
• PHP Tutorial for Beginners
• The Ultimate Freelancing Guide

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Advanced Programming Languages

Website developers use HTML and CSS to create static web pages. The pages look the same to everyone who visits them. Most of the internet pages today are dynamic, customized to meet the preferences of every first-time visitor.

The creation of these complex pages calls for the addition of other complex coding skills and development tools on both ends.

Some of the languages in this category are:

Ruby

It is a dynamic server-side scripting g language. It means the developer can write and run the code without a compiler. Web and mobile developers use Ruby to create websites and mobile apps respectively. It is a highly scalable language hence used for servers that experience high traffic.

Ruby on Rails is a Ruby framework that allows faster and concise coding. It is the starting point for Ruby students. Ruby is the perfect choice for those interested in creative design.

It is also beneficial for developers who want to create software for small businesses. Even though it is an advanced language, Ruby is easy to understand and to write.

Python

Python is another dynamic high-level language that beginners can easily understand. Python specializes in code readability. That is; only a few lines of source codes are necessary for expressing a concept.

Just like Ruby, it a server-side development language for high traffic volume apps and websites. Its unique features include; large library and automatic storage management

Python designers aimed at making it highly extensible and exciting to use. As a result, it can be easily embedded or incorporated into existing applications. Again the code layout is one of the most beautiful in the programming world.

Java

Java is one of the most popular high-level back-end programming languages. Programmers use it as the standard platform for games, mobile apps, and websites. Apps developed using Java can be deployed in different operating systems.

C++

It is a general-purpose object-oriented high-level language. One of its distinguishing features as a web development language is its case sensitivity. It involves the four core principles of object-oriented development which include polymorphism, inheritance, encapsulation and data abstraction. C++ students know that these jargons are not so complicated to understand.

Now, there are more dynamic advanced programming languages. Some of these are;

• C: It is the foundation of other dynamic languages such as C++, Java, Python and much more.
• ActionScript: Suitable for streaming audios and videos and for internet applications that use Flash animation.
• Perl: Used to manipulate texts in dynamic web pages.
• Rust: A general purpose language for creating fast and secure sites.
• Elixir: A functional dynamic language for building scalable applications.
• Go: A creation Google for high traffic volume sites.

Resources for Advanced Web Programming

• Getting Started with Rails
• 10 Ruby on Rails Best Practices
• The Hitchhiker’s Guide to Python
• Sending Emails in PHP
• Python Best Practices and Tips by Toptal Developers
• 30 Java Programming Tips and Best Practices for Beginners
• JAVA 101

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Career Outlook for Web Developers

The following section answers the following questions; how much does a web developer earn on average? Are certifications and college degrees necessary for a successful career?

Salary Range for Web Developers

According to the U.S News & World report, web developer jobs sits at #31 among top 100 jobs and ranks 4th among the best technology jobs in 2017.

Junior Developers Job Description

Junior developers are experienced only in a part of the entire development process. They are UI, backend or frontend developers. They must work as a team to bring together a complete web application. The average annual salary for entry level developers is about $47,000. However, junior developers skilled with ecommerce, C# and ASP.net developers earn more ($75K).

Full Stack Developers Job Description

They are professionals who can do design a web application from the UI to the back end. Full stack developers earn the higher than other specialized developers. Their average salary is about $88,000.

It is worth remembering that web developers’ remuneration varies depending on region, portfolio, market conditions and sometimes level of education.

Necessary Certifications

One may ask, are there certifications for web developers? If yes, must I attain them if my portfolio is exceptional to get a full-time job?

Here comes the answer.

Yes, there are certifications for web developers. They are positive indicators of a person’s interest in personal improvement. The recognition one receives based on their certifications, or lack of it depends purely on the interviewing team.

Some employees do not think it is significant while others regard it very highly. As a result, being certified gives the developer a competitive edge.

However, the deal breaker in web development world is the portfolio. One should be able to showcase the jobs done, the set of skills and how the expertise can be of benefit to the employer’s business.

It is important to remember, however, that this exception only applies to web development. In other fields such security-related sectors, certification is mandatory.

Required College Degree 

Again, many people interested in earning a living through web development wonder if they need to have a bachelor’s degree in computer science or related course to master the art of web development.

First, to be a prolific web developer does not require a bachelor’s degree. It calls for passion and focuses on learning.

A successful web developer should be able to have a broad range of skills and be up to date with the latest programming languages, software programs, and e-commerce solutions. They should also be able to define and solve the needs their potential clients.

The main issue developers find with the curriculum of college degrees today is that it focuses on the old languages. Trials to change the syllabus with the changes in technology have proven futile as the latter is incredibly dynamic.

Nevertheless, a bachelor‘s degree is not entirely unnecessary. Most e-commerce website development positions on important job sites list a computer science degree as a minimum requirement.

A degree only puts one at a vantage point over the others. But the most sought-after programmers in the real world are them who get the job done. The college degree is insignificant in comparison to an impressive portfolio.

Career Outlook Resources

• Occupational Outlook Handbook: Web Developer
• Web Development Certification: What’s It Worth?

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Finding Paid Freelance Gigs

A web developer can choose traditional employment, working for a single company, for a steady paycheck, or to freelance. In the previous years, freelancers made more money than the others. It was because they were specialists and worked on a short-term basis.

Earning more than mainstream employees is still possible today. However, it requires more than one skill and hard work.

Successful freelance career as already mentioned is a product of hard work, skill, and strategy. The belief that freelancers only sit at home and jobs flow their way with no effort is a grave misconception. Nothing good comes easy; all who must have it have to work at it.

 The success of most freelancing developers is not the result of what they did after they started freelancing but before. The foundation of such accomplishments involves;

1. Letting the world know

Freelance experts agree that finding work and building networks are the two sides of the same coin. Friends, colleagues, and relatives are important networks. The may not provide immediate help, but some will remember when they hear of a job opening.

2. Building a brand

Irrespective of experience, passion and work ethics, one has to work at building a brand which is the image of oneself.

Here is why it matters.

Prospective clients choose a freelance based on how they sell themselves online or offline. Therefore, the success of a web developer is directly proportional to their ability to sell their expertise. Skills, professionalism, and experience are the building blocks of a professional image.

Some of the best portfolio sites are:

• LinkedIn
• Quora
• Google+
• Twitter
• MeetUp
• Facebook
• Any other social network

The following are other helpful ways of setting up oneself for success.

3. Having a plan of action

It helps determine goals and expected income for survival.

4. Conduct market research

To develop an in-depth knowledge of the competition. See what minimum viable products they are selling in terms of service. Try to replicate their offerince if it makes sense.

5. Finding a mentor

Mentorship provides guidance and support through the ups and downs in the industry.

Where to Find Paid Freelance Gigs

There is no one definite path for success in freelancing. Every person has to find out what works for them and even learn to beat their paths.

Career Outlook

There exists no particular amount of money a freelance web developer can make. The salary depends on various factors. They include; market conditions, level of experience, size of the firm and also the developers bargaining skills. The average range of freelance earnings is between $51,000 and $76,000. However, it is possible to earn more or less.

Using Job Boards

Getting freelancing gigs can be daunting if a person does not have a launching pad.

Job boards are the best place for first-time jobs. Web developer jobs do not pay highly, but they offer valuable experience for beginners. Job boards hosts as many bad clients as good ones. Consequently, the first experience may be frustrating.

But here is the catch.

Though they provide an excellent starting point and expertise, job boards do not offer an opportunity for one to build their brand. Consequently, freelance developers should not rely on job boards as a long-term strategy.

Several online job boards provide excellent opportunities to beginners. Below are some of them. It is necessary to add that the list is not exhaustive and is in no particular order, except for the first one. It is the best for beginners and those who have long-term plans.

• Upwork
• Craigslist
• Demand Studios
• Short task
• Rapid workers
• Student Freelancing
• Taskr
• Tenbuxx
• Workhoppers
• Greatlance
• iFreelance
• Just Answer
• Gigbux
• FreeeUp
• Fiverr
• FlexJobs
• Help Cove
• JobBoy

Just one more thing.

Not all these Job boards accept beginners. Some also have country restrictions. Therefore, one should try at least three of these job boards at the beginning then settle for one that suits their career and financial plans.

Resources for Finding Freelance Gigs

• Interview Questions for front-end-Developer
• How To Become A Successful Freelancer (And Quit Your Desk Job In 30 Days)
• 140+ Best Freelance Jobs Websites

Becoming a web developer can open up tons of freelance career opportunities. Leave a comment if you found this resource guide helpful.